Niguma

Niguma (c. 10th–11th century CE) was an Indian female Mahasiddha and one of the founders of the Shangpa Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

Background

Niguma was born in Bengal or Kashmir according to various traditions. She was the consort (in some traditions, the sister) of the Mahasiddha Naropa and later became a fully enlightened master in her own right. Her life is closely associated with the transmission of the Shangpa Kagyu teachings.

Spiritual Contribution

Niguma is credited with transmitting the Six Dharmas of Niguma, a set of advanced tantric practices parallel to the Six Yogas of Naropa. She transmitted her teachings to the Tibetan master Khyungpo Naljor, who founded the Shangpa Kagyu lineage based on her instruction. Her teachings emphasize the unity of Mahamudra and completion stage practices.

Legacy and Impact

Niguma’s lineage, the Shangpa Kagyu, remains an important though smaller school within Tibetan Buddhism. She is venerated as a fully enlightened female master, and her biography inspires practitioners regarding the potential for women’s spiritual attainment.

Verification Notes

• Primary sources include Tibetan hagiographical literature and lineage histories
• The Shangpa Kagyu lineage traces its origin to her teachings
• Historical dates are approximate based on traditional accounts