Chandragupta Maurya

Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340–298 BCE) was the founder of the Maurya Empire, the first empire to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. According to Jain tradition, he spent his final years as a Jain monk.

Background

Chandragupta rose from obscure origins to overthrow the Nanda dynasty and establish the Maurya Empire around 322 BCE. He defeated the Macedonian general Seleucus Nicator and expanded his empire across India. His chief advisor was the political philosopher Chanakya (Kautilya).

Spiritual Contribution

According to Jain tradition, after a long and successful reign, Chandragupta renounced his throne and became a Jain monk under the guidance of the Jain monk Bhadrabahu. He traveled to Shravanabelagola in Karnataka, where he practiced strict Jain asceticism. He is said to have ended his life through the Jain practice of sallekhana (voluntary fasting unto death).

Legacy and Impact

Chandragupta’s conversion to Jainism is one of the most significant episodes in Jain hagiography, demonstrating that even the most powerful rulers could be drawn to the Jain path of renunciation. His story illustrates the Jain ideal of detachment from worldly power.

Verification Notes

• Based on Jain historical and hagiographic traditions.
• His political career is verified by Greek and Indian historical sources.
• The narrative of his Jain renunciation is from Jain tradition and is not corroborated by Greek sources.