Nagarjuna (Sutrayana)
Nagarjuna (c. 150–250 CE) is traditionally credited with discovering the Prajnaparamita (Perfection of Wisdom) sutras. (Note: This entry covers the legendary figure associated with the Prajnaparamita literature; see also the philosophical Nagarjuna entry.)
Background
According to Buddhist tradition, Nagarjuna retrieved the Prajnaparamita Sutras from the realm of the Nagas (serpent deities), hence his name meaning “Arhat of the Serpents.” This legend explains why the Prajnaparamita literature, particularly the Heart Sutra and Diamond Sutra, was believed to have been hidden and later revealed to humanity.
Spiritual Contribution
The Prajnaparamita literature Nagarjuna is associated with presents the concept of sunyata (emptiness) as the ultimate nature of reality. The Heart Sutra’s famous declaration “Form is emptiness, emptiness is form” became the cornerstone of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy. These texts became the most widely read scriptures in East Asian Buddhism.
Legacy and Impact
The Prajnaparamita literature is foundational to Mahayana Buddhism across all East Asian traditions. The Heart Sutra is chanted daily in Zen, Pure Land, and Tibetan Buddhist communities worldwide. The association with Nagarjuna gave these texts immense authority.
Verification Notes
- Legendary association with Prajnaparamita literature
- Distinction made between this figure and the philosopher Nagarjuna