Vaishali

Vaishali (Vesali) is an ancient city in Bihar, India, important in both Buddhist and Jain traditions.

Overview

Vaishali was one of the world’s first republics and an important center of Buddhist and Jain activity. The Buddha visited Vaishali multiple times, and it was here that the Buddhist sangha admitted women as nuns for the first time. The site is also associated with the Jain tirthankara Mahavira.

Historical Context

Vaishali was the capital of the Vajjian Confederacy, one of the earliest known republics in world history. The Buddha delivered several important discourses here, including the Lakkhana Sutta. After the Buddha’s death, the second Buddhist council was held at Vaishali around 383 BCE. Ashoka erected a pillar here in the 3rd century BCE.

Features/Significance

The Ashoka Pillar at Kolhua with its single lion capital is a major landmark. The Abhishek Pushkarni (anointing tank) is associated with the Licchavi rulers. The World Peace Pagida and numerous monasteries reflect the site’s continuing importance. Vaishali is also the birthplace of Lord Mahavira according to Jain tradition.

Modern Status

Vaishali is an important archaeological site managed by the Archaeological Survey of India. It attracts both Buddhist and Jain pilgrims and is part of the Bihar Buddhist Circuit.

Verification Notes

• Located in Vaishali district, Bihar, India
• Ashoka Pillar at Kolhua is well-preserved
• World Peace Pagoda built in 1969 by Japanese Buddhist organizations