Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves
Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves (उदयगिरि और खंडगिरि गुफाएं) is a group of rock-cut caves in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Overview
The Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves are two adjacent hills with a total of 33 rock-cut caves dating from the 2nd century BCE in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. They were carved during the reign of King Kharavela of the Mahameghavahana dynasty and are among the earliest rock-cut caves in eastern India.
History and Legend
The caves were carved during the reign of King Kharavela (2nd century BCE), as documented in the famous Hathigumpha inscription. The caves served as residential quarters for Jain monks. The Hathigumpha inscription is one of the most important historical inscriptions in Indian history, documenting Kharavela’s military campaigns and patronage of Jainism.
Architecture and Features
The caves include double-storey structures, pillared halls, and individual cells for monks. The Rani ka Naura (Queen’s Palace) on Udayagiri is the most ornate cave. The Hathigumpha inscription on Udayagiri is in Brahmi script and is a major historical source.
Modern Status
The caves are a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India and are an important tourist destination in Bhubaneswar. They provide crucial evidence for the history of Jainism and rock-cut architecture in eastern India.
Verification Notes
- Hathigumpha inscription documented by ASI; 2nd century BCE caves among earliest in eastern India.
- Audited against Wikipedia (September 2026).