Poompuhar

Poompuhar (Poompuhar, Kaveripattanam) is an ancient Chola port city in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Overview

Poompuhar was a major ancient port and commercial center of the Chola dynasty, mentioned extensively in Sangam literature. The site is identified with the ancient Kaveripattanam and has yielded significant archaeological evidence of ancient Tamil urban culture and trade.

Historical Context

Poompuhar served as the capital of the Early Cholas and was a thriving port city that traded with Rome, Southeast Asia, and China. The famous Tamil epic Silappadikaram is set in this city. Archaeological excavations have revealed a well-planned city with streets, drainage systems, and commercial areas.

Features/Significance

The site has yielded Roman coins, Chinese pottery, and various artifacts confirming international trade connections. The Silappadikaram describes the city’s prosperity in vivid detail. Poompuhar provides crucial evidence for understanding ancient Tamil maritime trade and urban culture.

Modern Status

The site is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India. A museum displays artifacts found during excavations. Poompuhar is also known for its ancient temple.

Verification Notes

• Located in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu, India
• Identified with ancient Kaveripattanam
• Setting of the Tamil epic Silappadikaram