Meditation and ADHD

Meditation and ADHD refers to research on mindfulness and meditation interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults.

Summary

Studies assess whether meditation improves attention, executive function, and behavioral symptoms in ADHD populations across age groups.

Key Findings

Small-to-moderate improvements in attention and executive function are reported in both pediatric and adult ADHD. Mindfulness training may reduce impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. Effect sizes are modest compared to stimulant medication. Neuroimaging suggests meditation strengthens prefrontal networks implicated in ADHD.

Methodology

RCTs use adapted mindfulness protocols (shorter sessions, more structure) for children and adolescents. Outcomes include behavioral rating scales, cognitive testing, and neuroimaging.

Limitations

Small sample sizes, high attrition in pediatric studies, and lack of active control conditions. Long-term adherence is a significant challenge.

Verification Notes

• Systematic reviews by Mitchell et al. (2015) and Cayoun et al. (2021) summarize evidence.
• Literature reviewed through 2020s.