Chanhudaro

Chanhudaro is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization in Sindh, Pakistan.

Overview

Chanhudaro is a smaller Indus Valley site near Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan. It is particularly significant for its evidence of craft specialization, including bead-making, shell-cutting, metalworking, and seal production, providing a window into Harappan artisan life.

Historical Context

Excavated by N.G. Majumdar (1931–32) and later by E.J. Mackay (1935–36), Chanhudaro was a craft-production settlement rather than a major urban center. It was occupied during the Mature Harappan period (c. 2600–1900 BCE) and likely served as a satellite production town supporting larger Indus cities.

Features/Significance

The site is renowned for its workshop areas: bead-making factories, shell-cutting workshops, copper-smelting furnaces, and a seal-making workshop. It yielded one of the earliest known inkpots and evidence of a “school” — a room with tablets. The Indus seals found here include unique motifs not seen elsewhere. A terracotta cart and a miniature toy cart are among its famous artifacts.

Modern Status

The site is protected by Pakistan’s Department of Archaeology and Museums. Key finds are in the National Museum of Pakistan (Karachi) and the British Museum.

Verification Notes

• Excavated by N.G. Majumdar (1931–32) and E.J. Mackay (1935–36).
• Known for craft workshops — bead-making, shell-cutting, seal production.
• Audited against Wikipedia (September 2026).