Bandha

Bandha (Sanskrit: “lock,” “bond”) is a concept in Yogic practice referring to the muscular contractions that lock and direct energy within the body.

Overview

Bandhas are physical locks applied to specific regions of the body to contain, redirect, and intensify the flow of prāṇa (vital energy). The three primary bandhas are mūla bandha (root lock), uḍḍīyāna bandha (abdominal lock), and jālandhara bandha (throat lock).

Philosophical Context

The bandhas are described in the Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā and other classical texts as essential practices for kuṇḍalinī awakening and the purification of the nāḍīs. Mūla bandha involves the contraction of the pelvic floor muscles to direct prāṇa upward into the suṣumnā; uḍḍīyāna bandha involves the drawing in and upward of the abdominal muscles to create an upward current; jālandhara bandha involves the chin-to-chest position that seals energy in the upper body. When all three are applied simultaneously, it is called mahā bandha (the great lock). The bandhas serve to prevent the dissipation of prāṇa and to create the conditions for kuṇḍalinī to rise.

Interpretations

In modern yoga, the bandhas are often taught as part of prāṇāyāma and āsana practice, sometimes in simplified forms. In traditional practice, they are considered advanced techniques requiring proper instruction. Some practitioners interpret the bandhas as engaging the pelvic floor, diaphragm, and throat muscles respectively.

Verification Notes

• Described in Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā chapter 3