Banawali

Banawali is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization in Haryana, India.

Overview

Banawali is a Mature Harappan site in the Haryana district of Hisar, situated on the left bank of the dried-up Sarasvati River. It is notable for its remarkable terracotta toys, a unique oval-shaped fortification, and evidence of barley cultivation dating to the Harappan period.

Historical Context

Excavated by R.S. Bisht (1974–1977) under the ASI, Banawali was occupied from the Early Harappan (c. 3000 BCE) through the Mature Harappan phase (c. 2600–1900 BCE). The site is significant for its evidence of a transition from an earlier settlement to a fully planned Harappan town.

Features/Significance

The site features a unique oval-shaped fortification wall, a rarity among Indus cities. It yielded numerous Indus seals (over 70), a remarkable collection of terracotta toys (including a toy plough and a wheeled cart), and evidence of barley as a major crop. A large jar burial and a copper axe with an inscription are notable finds. The site demonstrates the Harappan standardization of weights.

Modern Status

A protected ASI monument. The site is partially excavated and open to visitors. Key artifacts are in the National Museum, New Delhi, and the Hisar museum.

Verification Notes

• Excavated by R.S. Bisht, ASI, 1974–1977.
• Notable for toy plough — earliest evidence of ploughing culture.
• Audited against Wikipedia (September 2026).